Agenda 21

The Secret Agenda to Depopulate and Control the World

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Agenda 21 is insidious in its multileveled plan.  Originally conceived and signed into world governance under the guise of saving the planet and sustainable living.   The Sustainability Act was signed by numerous Countries in 1983.  Since which time the powers that be have slowly been taking more and more of our freedoms and rights away.

  • Food Supply
  • Health Care
  • Education
  • Family
  • Money Supply
  • Governments
  • Weather Control –

The UNFCCC secretariat (UN Climate Change) is the United Nations entity tasked with supporting the global response to the threat of climate change. UNFCCC stands for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Where did it Originate?

  • The UNFCCC, signed in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development also known as the Earth Summit, the Rio Summit or the Rio Conference
  • The UNFCCC entered into force on March 21, 1994.
  • The Convention has near universal membership (197 Parties) and is the parent treaty of the 2015 Paris Agreement.
  • The original secretariat was in Geneva. Since 1996, the secretariat has been located in Bonn, Germany.

    What is the Objective of UNFCCC?

    • According to Article 2, the Convention’s ultimate objective is “to achieve, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”.
    • This objective is qualified in that it “should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”.

    What are UNFCCC’s Institutional Arrangements?

    • The Conference of the Parties (COP)
      • Article 7.2 defines the COP as the “supreme body” of the Convention, as it is its highest decision-making authority. The climate change process revolves around the annual sessions of the COP.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

  • Overview: The Environment (Protection) Act (EPA) was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing the protection and improvement of the environment.
    • It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country.
    • The Act is one of the most comprehensive legislations with a pretext to protection and improvement of the environment.
  • Background: The roots of the enactment of the EPA lies in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972 (Stockholm Conference), in which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the improvement of the human environment.
    • The Act implements the decisions made at the Stockholm Conference.

Salient Features of the EPA Act

  • Powers of the Central Government: The Central Government shall have the power to take all such measures as it deems necessary or expedient for the purpose of protecting and improving the quality of the environment in coordination with the State Governments.
    • The Central government is also empowered to:
      • Plan and Execute a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution.
      • Lay down standards for the quality of environment in its various aspects.
      • Lay down standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources.
      • The restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes or class of industries, operations or processes shall/ shall not be carried out subject to certain safeguards.
    • The Central Government may appoint officers under this Act for various purposes and entrust them with the corresponding powers and functions.
    • The central government as per the Act has the power to direct:
      • The closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process.
      • The stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity or water or any other service.
  • Restriction on Pollutant Discharge: No individual or organisation shall discharge/emit or permit to discharge/emit any environmental pollutant in excess of the prescribed standards.
  • Compliance with Procedural Safeguards: No individual shall handle or shall be caused to handle any hazardous substance except in accordance with the procedure and without complying with the safeguards, as prescribed.
  • Powers of Entry and Inspection: Any person empowered by the Central Government shall have a right to enter (with the assistance deemed necessary) at any place:
    • For the inspection of compliance of any orders, notifications and directions given under the Act.
    • For the purpose of examining (and if required seizing) any equipment, industrial plant, record, register, document or any other material object may furnish evidence of the commission of an offence punishable under this Act.
  • Establishment of Environmental Laboratories: The Central Government, as per the Act, is entitled to:
    • Establish environmental laboratories.
    • Recognise any laboratory or institute as environmental laboratories to carry out the functions entrusted to such a laboratory.
      • The Central Government is also entitled to make rules specifying the functions of environmental laboratories.
  • Appointment of Government Analyst: A Government Analyst is appointed by the Central Government for the analysing the samples of air, water, soil or other substance sent to a recognised environmental laboratory.
  • Penalties for Offences: Non-compliance or Contravention to any of the provisions of the Act is considered as an offence.
    • Any offences under the EPA are punishable with the imprisonment of upto five years or a fine upto one lakh rupees or both.
  • Offences by Companies: If an offence under this Act is committed by a company, every person directly in charge of the company, at the time of the commitment of offence, is deemed to be guilty unless proven otherwise.
  • Offences by Government Departments: If an offence under this Act has been committed by any Department of Government, the Head of the Department (HoD) shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence unless proven otherwise.
    • Any officer, other than HoD, if proven guilty, shall also be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
  • Cognizance of offences: No Court shall take cognizance of any offence under this Act except on a complaint made by:
    • The Central Government or any authority on behalf of the former.
    • A person who has approached the Courts after a 60-day notice has been furnished to the Central Government or the authority on its behalf.

Drawbacks of the Act

  • Complete Centralisation of the Act: A potential drawback of the Act could be its centralization. While such wide powers are provided to the Centre and no powers to the state governments, the former is liable to its arbitrariness and misuse.
  • No Public Participation: The Act also says nothing about public participation as regards environmental protection.
    • There is a need to involve the citizens in environmental protection to check arbitrariness and raise awareness and empathy towards the environment.
  • Incomplete Coverage of Pollutants: The Act does not address modern concept of pollution such as noise, overburdened transport system and radiation waves which are also an important cause for the deteriorating environment.

Important Notifications Issued Under EPA

  • The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (1991), which regulates activities along coastal stretches.
    • In December 2018, the Union cabinet approved the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2018.
  • The Environmental Impact Assessment of Development Projects Notification 2020.

International Conventions for Environment Protection to which 57 countires are a Signatory

  • The Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987.
  • Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes, 1989.
  • Rotterdam Convention, 1998.
  • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
  • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992.
  • Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992
  • UN Convention to Combat Desertification, 1994
  • International Tropical Timber Agreement and The International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO), 1983, 1994:
    • The ITTO established by the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), 1983, came into force in 1985 and became operational in 1987.
    • The ITTO facilitates discussion, consultation and international cooperation on issues relating to the international trade and utilization of tropical timber and the sustainable management of its resource base.
    • The successor agreement to the ITTA (1983) was negotiated in 1994, and came into force on 1 January 1997.
    • The organization has 57 member countries. India ratified the ITTA in 1996.

 

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